Effect of Oily Sludge Land Treatment on Soil Conditions
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Land treatment is a method of handling wastes produced by the petroleum refining industry and others. This method allows the simultaneous treatment and final disposal of the waste. This study represent a fundamental filed investigation to follow the land treatment method for disposing of an oily sludge produce by Daura Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant. The sludge typically consists of (84.5-86.2)% water, (4.7-5.3)% oils, and (8.4-9.25)% sediments. It is characterized by law contents of phenol, nitrogen, and heavy metals of environmental concern. Loamy sand soil land located inside Daura Refinery was selected and divided into a1-sq. meter plots. A range of sludge application rates was applied to add the sludge to (mix with) the upper 15 cm soil layer of 18 plots, whereas 6 plots left as control plots. The applications range included three applications ratios of (fresh sludge wt, : dry soil wt.) as (1:3), (1:6), and (1:10), each of them was applied in three application intervals: weekly, monthly, and seasonally. Selection of the best application rate was made with regard to sludge degradation and land area requirements. Soil samples were tested for oil residue, heavy metals, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, pH, and aggregate stability. The results show that, monthly (1:10) application rate caused neither considerable downward oil migration in the soil nor significant accumulation of oil, heavy metals, or salts in the soil. However, it maintained neutral soil pH and improved soil aggregate stability. Oil biodegradation in the soil was encouraged by soil weakly tillage.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
-
Grove, G.W. ''Use landfarming for oily waste disposal''. Hydrocarbon Processing, 57: 138-140, 1978.
Google Scholar
1
-
Raymond. C.L.; ASCE, M.; and Overcash, M.R., ''Land Treatment of Wastes: Concepts and general design'', J. Environ. Engineering, 111(2): 141-160, 1985.
Google Scholar
2
-
Handdelston, R.L. ''Solid waste disposal: Landfarming'', Chemical Engineering, 86(5): 119-124, 1979.
Google Scholar
3
-
Arora, H.S.; Cantor, R.R.; and Nemeth, J.C., ''Land treatment: Available and successful method petroleum industry wastes'', Environ International., 7: 285-291, 1982.
Google Scholar
4
-
Raymond, C.L.; John, R.R.; and Rucker, J.E. '' Land Treatment is viable technology for reducing petroleum – waste toxicity and migration potential'', Oil & Gas J., 85(44): 40-43, 1987.
Google Scholar
5
-
Dotson, G.K.; Dean, R.B.; Kenner, B.A.; and cooke, W.E. ''Land spreading: A conversation and Non- polluting method of disposing of oily wastes'', 5th Intl. Water Poll. Res. Conf. and Exhib., San Francisco, CA, July 26 – Aug 1,1970. (Cited in El-Nawawy 1990).
Google Scholar
6
-
Kincannon, C.B. ''Oily waste disposal by soil cultivation process'', U.S. Govt. publication, EPA-P-72-110, Washington D.C., U.S.A.,1972. (Cited in El-Nawawy, 1990).
Google Scholar
7
-
Dibble, J.T. and Bartha, R. ''Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation of oily sludge'', Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 37(4): 729-739,1979.
Google Scholar
8
-
Brown, K.W.; Barwand H.; Thomas J.C.; and Evans, G.B. ''Impact of simulated land treatment with oily sludges on reyegrass emergence and yield''. Agronomy J. 74 (2): 257-261, 1982.
Google Scholar
9
-
Wilton, B.S.; Bloys, J.B.; Watts, R.D.; and Hipp, B.W., ''Drilling wastes evaluated in plant growth study'', Drilling proceedings – SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Washington, DC. USA. 1992, Oct. 4-7, 1992.
Google Scholar
10
-
Brown, K.W. and Deuel, Jr. L.E., ''Evaluation of subsurface conditions at refinery land treatment sites'', Texas A and M Univ., College station, USA, Report no.: EPA – 600/2 – 83- 096, 1983.
Google Scholar
11
-
Bleckmann, C.A.; Gawel L.J.; Whitfill, D.L.; and Swindoll, C.M. (1989) ''Land Treatment of Oil – based drill cuttings'', SPE/IADC 1989 Drilling. Conference, New Orleans, L.A., USA, Feb. 28 – Mar 3, 1989
Google Scholar
12
-
El-Bagouri, I.H.; El-Nawawy, A.S.; Abdal, M.; Al-Daher, R.; Khalafawi M.S.; Whitton, B.A.; and Wong. Ming H. (eds) ''Mobility of oil and other sludge constitute during oily sludge treatment by landfarming'', Int. Conf. of Environmental Biotechnology in Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hong Kong, Jan. 12-14, 1994.
Google Scholar
13
-
Streebin, L.E.; Robertson, J.M.; Schornick, H.M; Bowen, P.T.; and Bagawandoss, K.M. ''Land Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Sludges'', Oklahoma Univ., Norman School of Civil Eng. And Environ. Sci., Report no. EPA/600/2-84/193, 1984.
Google Scholar
14
-
Streebin, L.E.; Robertson, J.M.; Callender, A.B.; Doty, L.; and Bagawandoss, K., ''Closure evaluation for petroleum residue land treatment'', Oklahoma U niv., Norman School of Civil Eng. And Environ. Sci., Report no. EPA/600/2-84/162, 1984.
Google Scholar
15
-
Genouw G, Naeyer F, Meenen P, Werf H, Nijs W, "Degradation of oily sludge by land farming – a case study at the Ghent Harbour". Biodegradation 5: 37-46,1994.
Google Scholar
16
-
Al-Khateeb, H.M, "Disposal of an Oily Sludge by Landfarming", M.Sc. thesis, Civil Engineering Dep., College of Engineering, University of Mustansiriya, Baghdad, Iraq,1997.
Google Scholar
17
-
Overcash, M.R.; Nutter, W.L.; Kendall, R.L.; and Wallace, J.R. ''Field and laboratory evaluation of petroleum land treatment system closure''. Earth system associates, Material, GA. Report no. EPA/600-2-85-134, 1985.
Google Scholar
18
-
Prado-Jatar M, Correa M, Rodriguez-Graw J, Carneiro M, "Oily sludge land farming biodegradation experiment conducted at a tropical site in eastern Venezuela". Waste Management and Research ,11: 97-106, 1993.
Google Scholar
19
-
Mishra S., J. Jyot, R. C. Kuhad and B. Lal, "Evaluation of Inoculum Addition to Stimulate in Situ Bioremediation of Oily Sludge Contaminated Soil", Appl. Environ. Microbial., 67, 1675-1681, 2001.
Google Scholar
20
-
Del’Arco JP, de Franca FP "Influence of oil contamination levels on hydrocarbon biodegradation in sandy sediments", Environ. Pollut. 112:515-519, 2001.
Google Scholar
21
-
Zucchi M, Anghoni L, Borin S, Brusetti L, Dietrich G, "Response of bacterial community during bioremediation of an oil polluted soil". J Appl Microbiol , 94: 248-257, 2003.
Google Scholar
22
-
Hejazi RF, Husain T, Khan FI, "Landfarming operation of oil sludge in arid region-human health risk assessment", J. Hazard. Materi. B99:287-302, 2003.
Google Scholar
23
-
Mehrashi MR, Haghighi B, Shariat M, Naseri S, Naddafi K "Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in soil". Iran. J. public Health. 32 (3):28-32, 2003.
Google Scholar
24
-
Christopher W, Kaplan, Christopher L, Kitts "Bacterial succession in a petroleum land treatment unit". Appl Environ Microbiol, 70: 1777-1786, 2004.
Google Scholar
25
-
Radetski CM, Mater L, Sperb RM, Madureira LAS, Rosin AP, Correa AXR, "Proposal of a sequential treatment methodology for the safe reuse of oil sludge-contaminated soil". J. Hazard. Mat. B ,136:967-971, 2006.
Google Scholar
26
-
Crivelaro SHR, Mariano AP, Furlan LT, Gonçalves RA, Seabra PN, Angelis DF "Evaluation of the use of vinasse as a biostimulation agent for the biodegradation of oily sludge in soil". Int. J. Brazil Biol Technol. 53(5):1217-1224, 2010.
Google Scholar
27
-
Liu W, Luo Y, Teng Y, Li Z, Ma L Q. "Bioremediation of oily sludge-contaminated soil by stimulating indigenous microbes". Environ Geochem Health. 32:23-29, 2010.
Google Scholar
28
-
Black, C.A., ''Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1'', American Soc. Of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1965.
Google Scholar
29
-
United States Salinity Laboratory Staff, ''Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils'', Handbook 60. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC., USA, 1954.
Google Scholar
30
-
Black, C.A., ''Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2'', American Soc. Of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 1965
Google Scholar
31
-
Raymond, R.L.; Hudson. J.O; and Jamison, V.W.,''Oil degradation in soil'', Apple Environ Microbiol., 31 (41):522-535, 1976.
Google Scholar
32
-
Cappuccino, J.G. and Sherman, N. ''Microbiology a laboratory manual'', 2nd ed. Benjamin / Cumming Publishing Co. Inc. California, USA pp. 303, 1987.
Google Scholar
33
-
Amaral, S.P. '' Lanfarming of oily wastes: Design and Operation'', Wat. Sci. Tech., 19 (8): 75-86, 1987.
Google Scholar
34
-
Mitchell, W.W.; Loynachan, T.E.; and Mckendrick, J.D. ''Effect of tillage and fertilization on persistence of crude oil contamination in an Alaskan soil'', J. Environ. Qual., 8(4): 525-532, 1979.
Google Scholar
35
-
United States Environmental Protection Agency, ''Process design manual: Land application of municipal sludge'', EPA – 625/1-83-016, USEPA. Center for Envion. Res. Information, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1983
Google Scholar
36
-
El-Nawawy, A.S., ''Landfarming of oily sludge: an overview''. Industerial Cooperation in The Arabian Gulf, (40): 29-46, 1990.
Google Scholar
37
-
Bolt, G.H. and Bruggenwert, M.G.M.; ed. ''soil chemistry, A. Basic Elements'', Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1976, Pp. 173-174.
Google Scholar
38
-
Ellis, R. and Adams, R.S. ''Contaminations of soils by petroleum hydrocarbons''. Adv. Agron., 13: 197-216, 1961.
Google Scholar
39
-
Al-Khafaji, A.A.; Asker, R.S.; and Kasal, S.M. '' Effects of fuel oil on aggregate stability of a poorly structured soil form Dalmaj project'', J. Agric. Water Reso. Res., 4 (2): 83-96, 1985.
Google Scholar
40
Similar Articles
- María Guadalupe Cuitiño Rosales, Alfredo Esteves, Wattle and Daub Experimental Workshop: Durability Testing after 14 years of Uninterrupted Use , European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research: Vol. 3 No. 12: DECEMBER 2018
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.