• Noman Habib Khan 

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The Photovoltaic (PV) Panel is part and parcel in recent time where it has been used in the electricity generation through either in Transformer based or Transformer-less inverter topology. To reduce the limitation of using transformer based system, no transformer topology is highly popular where the main and common issue is leakage current through parasitic capacitance. In this paper, main focusing issue is leakage current hence, a new topology is introduced and for leakage current reduction purposes, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) has used as a switching combination and compared with another topology.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. F.S. Javadia, B.R., M. Sarrafa, O. Afshara, R. Saidura, H.W. Pinga, N.A. Rahim, Global policy of rural electrification. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 19, pp. 402–416, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  2. Cook, P., Infrastructure, rural electrification and development. Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol.15, No.3, pp. 304–313, September 2011.
     Google Scholar
  3. Sabah Abdullaha, A.M., Rural electrification programmes in Kenya: Policy conclusions from a valuation study. Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol.16, No.1,pp. 103–110, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  4. A.A. Lahimer, M.A.A., , Fadhil Yousif, T.M. Razykov, N. Amin, K. Sopian, Research and development aspects on decentralized electrification options for rural household. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.24, pp. 314–324, August 2013.
     Google Scholar
  5. Tobias S. Schmidt, N.U.B., Ratri Sryantoro Wakeling, Attracting private investments into rural electrification—A case study on renewableenergy based village grids in Indonesia. Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol.17, No.6, pp. 581-595, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  6. W.T. Chong, M.S.N., S.C. Poh, T.M.I. Mahlia, K.C. Pan, Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application. Applied Energy, Vol.88, No.11, pp. 4067-4077, November 2011.
     Google Scholar
  7. Kusakana, K., A survey of innovative technologies increasing the viability of micro-hydropower as a cost effective rural electrification option in South Africa. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.37, pp. 370–379. 2014.
     Google Scholar
  8. Mignon I, Bergek A. “Investments in renewable electricity production: The importance of policy revisited”. Renewable Energy. Vol.88, pp.307-316, April 2016.
     Google Scholar
  9. Khan MN, Ahmad KJ, Khan S, Hasanuzzaman M. “Leakage Current Paths in PV Transformer-Less Single-Phase Inverter Topology and Its Mitigation through PWM for Switching.” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems. Vol. 6, No.1, pp.148-159, March 2015.
     Google Scholar
  10. Victor M. Sanchez, A.U.C.-R., Sergio M. Duron-Torres, J. Hernandez, L.G. Arriaga, Juan M. Ramirez, Techno-economical optimization based on swarm intelligence algorithm for a stand-alone wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen power systemat south-east region of Mexico. ScienceDirect, Vol.39, No.29, p. 16646-16655., 2014.
     Google Scholar
  11. Hussein A. Kazem, T.K., K. Sopian, Sizing of a standalone photovoltaic/battery system at minimum cost for remote housing electrification in Sohar, Oman. Energy and Buildings, Vol.61, pp. 108-115, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  12. Tamer Khatib, K.S., Azah Mohameda, Mohd Zamri Ibrahim, Sizing of a wind charger at minimum cost for remote housing electrification: A case study for nine coastal sites in Malaysia. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 51, pp. 185-190, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  13. Tamer Khatiba, A.M., K. Sopian, A review of photovoltaic systems size optimization techniques. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.22, pp. 454–465, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  14. Patrícia Carneiro, P.F., The economic, environmental and strategic value of biomass. Renewable Energy, Vol.44, pp. 17–22, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  15. Akanksha Chaureya, T.C.K., Assessment and evaluation of PV based decentralized rural electrification: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol.14, No.8, pp. 2266–2278, 2010.
     Google Scholar
  16. Sadhan Mahapatra, H.N.C., S. Dasappa, Evaluation of various energy devices for domestic lighting in India: Technology, economics and CO2 emissions. Evaluation of various energy devices for domestic lighting in India:Technology, economics and CO2emissions, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 271–279, 2009.
     Google Scholar
  17. Samba Sowe, N.K., Prapita Thanarak, Tawat Suriwong, Technical and Economic Viability Assessment of PV Power Plants for Rural Electrification in the Gambia. ScienceDirect,2013International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies, Vol.52, pp. 389 – 398, 2014.
     Google Scholar
  18. Khan Md, et al. DC-AC inverter with perspective of common mode and wave-shaping. IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), pp.1-5, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  19. Koumi Ngoh Simon et al. Comparison of Predictive Models for Photovoltaic Module Performance under Tropical Climate. TELKOMNIKA, Vol.10, No.2, pp.245~256, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  20. Karthick SP, et al. Modelling of Single Stage Inverter for PV System Using Optimization Algorithm. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 6579-6586, 2014.
     Google Scholar
  21. Khan Md, et al. Wave shaping with reduced leakage current in transformer-less inverter. IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), pp.1-5, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  22. Kerekes, et al. Transformerless photovoltaic inverters connected to the grid. Proceedings of the APEC, pp.1333-1337, 2007.
     Google Scholar
  23. Yang, Chih-Yu, et al. Highly efficient analog maximum power point tracking (AMPPT) in a photovoltaic system. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers,Vol.59, No.7, pp.1546-1556, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  24. Gu, Yunjie, et al. Transformerless inverter with virtual DC bus concept for cost-effective grid-connected PV power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.28, No.2, pp.793-805, 2013.
     Google Scholar
  25. Barater, Davide, et al. Unipolar PWM strategy for transformerless PV grid-connected converters. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.27, No.4, pp.835-843, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  26. What are solar panel? http://www.which.co.uk/. Cited 21/06/2016.
     Google Scholar
  27. How does solar PV work?. http://www.which.co.uk/. Cited 21/06/2016.
     Google Scholar
  28. Ma, Lin, et al. "Leakage current analysis of single-phase transformer-less grid-connected PV inverters." 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE on Industrial Electronics Society, 2015.
     Google Scholar
  29. D. Sera, Teodorescu, R., & Rodriguez, P. , PV panel model based on datasheet values, IEEE International Symposium on In Industrial Electronics, pp. 2392-2396, , June 2007.
     Google Scholar
  30. E. Setiawan., P-V and I-V curve. ,http://hijwho.sakura.ne.jp/labwp/?page_id=48, February 22 2012, Cited at 28/02/2016.
     Google Scholar
  31. Solar PV prices and savings?. http://www.which.co.uk/. Cited 21/06/2016.
     Google Scholar
  32. Breazeale, Lloyd Caleb, and Rajapandian Ayyanar. "A photovoltaic array transformer-less inverter with film capacitors and silicon carbide transistors."IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.30, No.3, pp.1297-1305, 2015.
     Google Scholar
  33. Khan, Md Noman Habib, et al. "Evaluation of Various Leakage Current Paths with Different Switching Conditions." International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE), pp. 269 – 272, 2014
     Google Scholar
  34. Khan, Md Noman Habib, et al. "A Double PWM Source Inverter Technique with Reduced Leakage Current for Application on Standalone Systems."World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp.246-251, 2015.
     Google Scholar
  35. Khan, M. N. H., et al. "Battery-Equivalent DC Supply from Leakage Current: PV to Transformer-less Inverter Topology." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI), Vol.4, No.2, 2016.
     Google Scholar
  36. Khan, M. N. H., et al. "Photovoltaic (PV) Panel to Transformer-Less Inverter Topology: A Review Paper." Elixir International Journal, vol. 93, pp.39574-39581, 2016.
     Google Scholar
  37. Khan, M. N. H., et al. "Effect of Leakage Current in the PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology." International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol 6, No. 4, pp.3272-3275, 2016.
     Google Scholar
  38. Liu, Bangyin, et al. "Transformer-less grid-connected inverter with low leakage currents for photovoltaic generation system." 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2015.
     Google Scholar
  39. T. K. S. Freddy, N. A. Rahim, H. Wooi-Ping, and C. Hang Seng,
     Google Scholar
  40. “Comparison and Analysis of Single-Phase Transformerless GridConnected PV Inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 5358-5369, 2014.
     Google Scholar
  41. Kerekes, T. ; Koutroulis, E. ; Séra, D. ; Teodorescu, R. ; Katsanevakis, M., “An Optimization Method for Designing Large PV Plants”, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 814 – 822, April 2013.
     Google Scholar